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One of China's most beautiful natural site is a 52-mile stretch of the Li River, from Guilin to Yangshuo. "He who sails along the Li River", a Chinese poet wrote, "finds himself boating in a sweet dream". Water has long been a major component of Chinese life -as James Nachtwey's photographs of a 700-year-old irrigation system in Guangxi province and a water park in Shanghai attest. But China's arid north hosts 70% of the population and 66% of the farm land but only 20% of the water. The government has embarked on a $60 billion project to divert water from south to north, a dam-building program that dwarfs any in history. Those who make a living and enjoy the setting from the Li River can only hope these initiatives will be enough to prevent the sweet dream of Guilin from becoming a nightmare.

Huang Youlin, a 13th generation Li River fisherman, piloted a tour boat against the backdrop of the famous landscape that had been a favorite subject of classical Chinese painters, making the mountains and river near Guilin an icon of beauty in the Chinese mind.

A passenger aboard a tour boat on the Li River viewed the famous landscape that had been a favorite subject of classical Chinese painters, making the mountains and river near Guilin an icon of beauty in the Chinese mind.

Huang Yunba, a 12th generation Li River fisherman, maneuvered his bamboo raft against the backdrop of the famous landscape that had been a favorite subject of classical Chinese painters, making the mountains and river near Guilin an icon of beauty in the Chinese mind.

A photograph of the famous Li River landscape adorns a carton of Jiatianxia cigarettes. The exact spot on the river from which the photograph was made was pointed out to passengers aboard a tour boat piloted by Huang Youlin, a 13th generation Li River fisherman, and the man actually pictured in the photograph. The Li River had been a favorite subject of classical Chinese painters.

Chinese tourists made souvenir photographs against the backdrop of the famous Li River landscape that had been a favorite subject of classical Chinese painters, making the mountains and river near Guilin an icon of beauty in the Chinese mind. In the foreground is a cormorant, a species of bird trained by the Li River fishermen as an instrument to capture fish.

The rice terraces built along the steep contours of the mountains outside the village of Tian Tou, near Longshen, date back 700 years. The terraces are irrigated by the water from mountain streams that have been divided and subdivided into an intricate network of channels, using simple, split bamboo as aqueducts. These rice fields are a superb example of the ability of the Chinese to channel and contain water.

A water theme park in the suburbs of Shanghai attracted hundreds of people as a way to cool off during an intense summer heat wave.

The water of the Yangtze River has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam to create the electrical power necessary for the economic development of China. The dam is the largest public works project in the country.

The water of the Yangtze River has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam to create the electrical power necessary for the economic development of China. The dam is the largest public works project in the country. Chinese tourists visited the dam.

Wang Sou Lin, 80, sold his fishing boat three years ago, as overfishing depleted fish stocks making the fishing industry unprofitable. At age 16 Wang was abducted by the invading Japanese army and sent to Japan as a slave laborer. Four years later he returned home to begin life as a fisherman. Eventually he bought his own boat and fished with his sons.

A server at the Lao She Tea House in Beijing poured boiling water to brew cups of tea. In China, tea is a staple of life and can also become elevated to a ritual and a delicacy and a focal point of social interaction.

Spilled water, chopsticks and a cup of tea in a Beijing noodle shop.